e-Nyaya Sarathi

Yes, the accused can file appeal in higher court.

If evidence is unclear, the accused gets the benefit and may be acquitted.

A person cannot be tried twice for the same offence.

Generally no, unless higher court orders retrial for valid reasons.

Yes, if charges are found groundless or parties settle (where compoundable).

Bail is the temporary release of an accused person from custody until trial or appeal, subject to conditions.

To ensure the accused appears in court without keeping them in unnecessary custody.

A written promise by the accused to appear in court and follow conditions.

A person who guarantees that the accused will obey bail conditions.

Any person with stable background and financial capacity approved by the court.

When the accused is released on their own promise without needing sureties.

Offences where bail is a right, and police/court must grant it.

Serious offences where bail is not a right and court decides case by case.

Police officer or magistrate.

Only the court, based on facts and seriousness of offence.

Generally no, except in special circumstances allowed by law.

Bail granted before arrest, in fear of being arrested.

Sessions Court or High Court.

Bail granted after arrest.

Temporary bail given for a short period until final bail hearing.

Bail granted when police fail to file a chargesheet within the prescribed time.

Another name for default bail.

No, it is a legal right once conditions are met.

Bail with restrictions like not leaving city, no contact with witnesses.

Court can cancel bail and arrest the accused again.

Yes, if accused misuses liberty, threatens witnesses, or violates conditions.

Yes, High Court has supervisory powers.

Yes, in rare and serious cases.

Bail granted for treatment of serious illness.

Yes, courts are generally lenient for women, children, and elderly.

Yes, but courts are stricter due to seriousness.

Yes, but with stricter conditions like surrendering passport.

Possible, but very rare and only by higher courts.

Generally very difficult, subject to special laws like UAPA.

Bail application, identity proofs, surety documents, and case details.

The accused or their lawyer.

Yes, especially in non-bailable offences.

Yes, the state lawyer can object.

When accused or surety fails to follow conditions, the bond money is seized.

Yes, but court may ask accused to provide a new surety.

Court may release accused on personal bond.

Bail granted on direct deposit of money instead of surety.

Yes, if all conditions are followed.

Yes, courts may grant personal bond or reduce surety requirements.

A written undertaking by accused or surety without heavy monetary deposit.

Temporary release of a convicted prisoner, not bail.

Leave granted to prisoners periodically, also different from bail.

No, bail is for under-trials, parole/furlough is for convicts.

Yes, in bailable offences.

Bail granted directly by police officer in bailable offences.

Yes, High Court has wide powers under BNSS.

Yes, in cases of national importance or special leave.

“Bail is the rule, jail is the exception.”

Sometimes, but courts rely mainly on evidence and law.

Yes, both grant and rejection of bail can be challenged in higher courts.

It is a legal process where the accused agrees to plead guilty in exchange for a lesser punishment or other concessions.

To reduce case backlog and give quicker justice.

No, only in certain offences with punishment up to 7 years.

No, not in cases like rape, murder, terrorism.

No, it is not allowed in such cases.

The accused must file an application before the court.

Yes, victim’s consent is necessary.

Yes, along with the victim and accused.

Court ensures consent is voluntary and then approves the settlement.

Reduced punishment, faster disposal of case, and lesser stigma.

Quick compensation and closure of case.

No, confession is an admission of guilt, plea bargaining is a negotiated settlement.

No, it leads to conviction with lesser sentence.

No, the accused cannot appeal once plea bargain is accepted.

It is slowly increasing but not very common.

The same court where trial would normally happen.

Yes, before court passes the final order.

Yes, in some cases court may substitute punishment.

It means settlement between victim and accused to drop charges.

Minor offences listed in the BNSS schedule.

No, serious offences cannot be compounded.

Yes, with permission of court, if property is returned.

Yes, in certain types of hurt, with court permission.

The victim or complainant.

No, only victim or complainant can.

Yes, but court approval is required.

The accused is released and case is closed.

Yes, it has the effect of acquittal.

No, once compounded it cannot be reopened.

To check whether settlement is voluntary and lawful.

No, their guardian must do it with court’s approval.

Yes, through their authorized representative.

No, only through court.

It removes punishment completely, unlike plea bargaining.

Only if the main offence is compoundable.

Yes, if the main offence is compoundable.

Yes, if the victim agrees to compound with each.

Yes, compounding applies individually.

No, those are non-compoundable.

Yes, with victim’s consent.

Yes, many traffic violations are compoundable by paying fine.

Saves time, cost, and gives speedy justice.

Yes, it is essentially a legal compromise.

Yes, under its special powers to quash cases.

Yes, in the interest of justice.

Yes, with court’s permission.

Yes, but requires permission of concerned department.

Case cannot be reopened, but civil remedies may be used.

Bail is temporary release, plea bargaining is pleading guilty for lesser punishment, compounding is settling with the victim to drop charges.

A formal accusation made against a person in court.

The magistrate or judge after looking at the case records.

After considering evidence during the pre-trial stage.

To inform the accused of the specific offence he must defend.

Yes, except in petty cases tried summarily.

Yes, court can amend charges before judgment.

Court may correct it and continue trial.

Yes, if no evidence supports the case.

It means releasing the accused before trial due to lack of evidence.

It is the court’s written statement of offence against accused.

Yes, accused must be given free copies.

When two or more persons are tried together for the same offence.

Yes, if they are connected offences.

When each offence or accused is tried individually.

The court has discretion.

Prosecution presents its evidence.

Statements of witnesses and documents against accused.

Questioning of witnesses by the defence lawyer.

It tests truthfulness of witnesses.

The accused is examined by the court.

Accused explains circumstances and evidence against him.

Yes, silence cannot be used as proof of guilt.

Defence evidence is presented, if any.

Yes, he can bring his own witnesses.

Normally accused, but court may help in special cases.

Lawyers of both sides summarize their case before court.

Court’s final decision about guilt or innocence.

Reasons, facts, law applied, and the final order.

Yes, it must be pronounced in open court.

Yes, but a written copy is also issued.

When the accused is found not guilty.

The accused is free and cannot be tried again for the same offence.

Yes, by the state or complainant.

Yes, by the accused.

A separate stage where the court decides punishment after conviction.

To allow both sides to argue about punishment.

Yes, like age, health, or first-time offence.

Yes, like cruelty, repeat offences, or use of a deadly weapon.

When multiple punishments run together.

When punishments run one after another.

The court decides.

A speedy trial for petty offences.

A trial for serious offences punishable with more than 2 years.

A trial for offences punishable up to 2 years.

Summary trial.

Warrant trial.

Generally no, except in some special circumstances.

A trial conducted when the accused wilfully absents themselves.

To ensure a fair hearing, justice, and protection of rights.

It is the stage where punishment is decided after conviction.

The judge or magistrate who conducted the trial.

Imprisonment, fine, death penalty, probation, community service, etc.

It generally means imprisonment for the entire natural life of the convict, unless remitted.

A fixed number of years as punishment.

The convict is not forced to do hard labour.

The convict must perform hard labour in prison.

Release of the offender under supervision instead of jail.

First-time or minor offenders, young people, or in less serious crimes.

The offender is ordered to work for public good instead of jail.

Yes, in higher courts.

A request to a higher court to review the lower court’s decision.

Accused, state, or complainant depending on the case.

Yes, in most serious cases; in some cases, only with permission.

Appeal to the immediate higher court.

Appeal to a still higher court after the first appeal.

When the state or complainant challenges an acquittal.

Yes, BNSS gives victims the right to appeal in some cases.

When a party challenges the quantum of punishment.

Yes, after hearing both sides.

Yes, especially in cases of death penalty or important legal issues.

A petition in the Supreme Court for permission to appeal.

A higher court’s power to review the legality or correctness of a lower court’s order.

Accused, complainant, or even the court suo motu (on its own).

Sessions Court and High Court.

Appeal re-examines facts and law; revision checks legality only.

Normally no, only legal correctness is checked.

When the same court reconsiders its own decision in rare cases.

Yes, but only under limited conditions like an error apparent on record.

Yes, if the accused accepts the judgment and does not file an appeal.

Temporary halt of sentence execution while an appeal is pending.

Appellate courts or High Court.

Accused can be released on bail until the appeal is decided.

Yes, automatically confirmed by the High Court.

A convict’s request to the President or Governor for pardon or commutation.

Complete forgiveness of punishment.

Changing a heavier punishment into a lighter one.

Reducing the period of a sentence.

Awarding a lesser sentence due to special circumstances like pregnancy.

Temporary postponement of execution of a sentence.

Yes, like other sentences.

Yes, without challenging the sentence.

Yes, the state may demand higher punishment.

Usually 30 to 90 days depending on the case.

Yes, if valid reasons are shown.

When the court finds no merit and rejects the appeal without a detailed hearing.

Yes, under revision powers.

Yes, by the party who filed it.

Yes, free legal aid is provided to needy persons.

They ensure fairness, prevent mistakes, and protect rights.

Bail is the temporary release of an accused from custody, usually with conditions.

To protect personal liberty while ensuring the accused appears for trial.

Magistrate, Sessions Court, or High Court depending on the case.

A written promise by the accused or surety to appear in court.

A person who guarantees that the accused will follow bail conditions.

Bail granted after arrest during trial proceedings.

Bail granted in advance to a person fearing arrest.

Temporary bail given for a short period until the final bail hearing.

Bail granted when the police fail to file a chargesheet within the prescribed time.

Usually 60 days for ordinary offences, 90 days for serious offences.

An offence where bail is a right.

An offence where bail is not a right but may be granted by the court.

When a person is kept under the legal control of police or court.

When the accused is kept in a police lock-up for investigation.

When the accused is kept in jail under a magistrate’s order.

Judicial custody, as it reduces chances of torture or abuse.

An order of a magistrate to keep an accused in police or judicial custody.

Maximum 15 days.

Up to 60 or 90 days depending on the offence.

Only if the accused is denied bail and a chargesheet is filed.

Yes, subject to jail rules.

Yes, under legal rights.

An order to transfer the accused from one jurisdiction to another.

A request by police to a magistrate for custody of the accused.

Yes, in higher courts.

Yes, if the accused misuses liberty or violates conditions.

Prosecution, complainant, or even the court itself.

Only with the court’s permission.

Yes, by the court.

The bail bond is forfeited, and the surety may be penalized.

Voluntary appearance before court or police.

Yes, after a change in circumstances or in a higher court.

Release of the accused during an ongoing trial.

Release of a convict while the appeal is being heard.

Yes, subject to the court’s discretion and passport deposit.

Yes, generally under Juvenile Justice laws.

Bail granted on medical or compassionate grounds.

Bail granted with restrictions (e.g., not leaving the city, reporting to police).

Bail without special restrictions.

Yes, under its wide powers.

Yes, in rare or special cases.

Bail is pre-trial release; parole is temporary release from jail after conviction.

Furlough is leave from prison for good conduct; bail is court release before conviction.

Yes, courts are generally lenient towards women, the sick, and the aged.

Yes, but courts may impose stricter conditions.

“Bail is the rule, jail is the exception.”

It balances personal liberty with justice needs.

A person called by the accused to support their case.

A person called by the state to prove the offence.

A final decision of the court after trial.

The judge.

Facts, evidence, reasoning, and the final order.

Punishment given after conviction.

Release of an offender under supervision instead of jail.

Monetary penalty imposed by the court.

Yes, if the law allows.

Request to a higher court to review a lower court’s decision.

Accused, victim, or state depending on the case.

Sessions Court.

High Court.

Supreme Court.

Yes, in certain cases.

Yes, as a matter of right in many cases.

A higher court checks the correctness of a lower court’s record.

A court reconsiders its own decision in limited cases.

A request to the President or Governor to pardon punishment.

Convict or family on their behalf.

A temporary halt in the execution of punishment.

Reduction of a sentence by the government.

Changing one form of punishment to a lighter one.

President and Governors.

Temporary release from prison for specific reasons.

Accused can get bail while an appeal is being heard.

Yes, in special cases.

No person can be tried twice for the same offence.

Yes, under the Constitution.

The right to get a trial without unreasonable delay.

Free lawyer for poor persons.

Yes, in serious cases.

Financial help to victims of crime.

State governments.

Measures to protect witnesses from threats.

Yes, free of cost.

No, only the court can use it.

Generally no, except by court order.

Yes, unless restricted by the court.

A trial held privately, usually in sensitive cases.

Yes, unless the court seals them.

Yes, free of cost.

Yes, from the court office.

Different for different courts (usually 30–90 days).

Yes, if a good reason is shown.

Implementation of punishment ordered by the court.

Prison authorities.

Revenue authorities.

The accused may face imprisonment.

Capital punishment ordered in the rarest cases.