e-Nyaya Sarathi

Yes, it is a serious crime.

Yes, trafficking is punishable.

It is a crime under BNS.

Yes, forcing children or others is punishable.

Yes, slavery is a crime.

It is punishable with strict penalties.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a serious crime.

Yes, if done for exploitation.

Yes, it is covered.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

It is a crime.

Yes, it is covered.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, robbery is covered.

Yes, it carries strict punishment.

It is also punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, stalking is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it carries strict punishment.

Yes, cruelty is covered.

Yes, it is a punishable offence.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, treason is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, mutiny is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a serious offence.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, cyber frauds are punishable.

Yes, hacking is a crime.

Yes, it is a punishable offence.

Yes, phishing is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, if it causes harm.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a serious crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, cheating is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it can be punishable.

Yes, it is covered.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, if harmful.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, food adulteration is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, if done knowingly.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, if it endangers life.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, rioting is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is punishable with death or life imprisonment.

Sedition is removed; replaced by new offence of “acts endangering sovereignty.”

Yes, it is a serious crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, if it threatens sovereignty.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, if it endangers security.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a serious crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is punishable.

Yes, it is a crime.

Yes, it is specifically punishable.

Litigation, corporate law, judiciary, academia, legal journalism, public policy, NGOs, and in-house counsel.

Yes. Court practice remains the traditional route, though it requires patience and years of building reputation.

Advising companies on compliance, contracts, M&A, finance, employment, taxation, and intellectual property.

Works directly for a company, managing legal compliance, drafting contracts, handling disputes, and advising management.

Yes. Through competitive exams (e.g., Judicial Services Exam in India), graduates can become judges at lower courts.

Criminal law, corporate law, intellectual property, environmental law, human rights, cyber law, taxation, and arbitration.

Protects clients’ rights in patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets.

Alternative dispute resolution (arbitration, mediation, conciliation) is growing due to faster, cost-effective resolution.

With digitization, lawyers handle cases on data protection, hacking, e-contracts, and cybercrimes.

Yes. Increasing environmental regulations and climate change issues create demand for lawyers in NGOs, firms, and government.

Yes. Many pursue IAS, IPS, IFS, or legislative drafting roles.

Public prosecutors, government advocates, law officers, and advisors in ministries and PSUs.

Represents the state in criminal cases, ensuring justice is served impartially.

Yes, as advocates, policy advisors, or legal researchers in organizations like Amnesty, HRLN, etc.

Yes. With LL.M. or PhD, one can teach and research in law schools/universities.

Writing, analyzing, and reporting legal issues in media outlets or independent platforms.

Indian lawyers often provide drafting, research, and compliance services to foreign law firms remotely.

Yes, in think tanks, legislatures, and international organizations drafting and analyzing laws.

Yes. Multinational companies hire compliance officers to ensure adherence to laws/regulations.

Law firm: Associate → Senior Associate → Partner. Litigation: Junior advocate → Independent practice → Senior advocate → Judge (sometimes).

Typically, 5–10 years to gain recognition and steady client base.

Research, drafting, oral advocacy, negotiation, analytical thinking, and commercial awareness.

Yes. Building professional networks is critical for referrals, mentorship, and opportunities.

E-filing, AI-based research, and legal analytics tools are reshaping the profession.

Fresh litigators may earn modestly (₹10k–₹30k/month in India), but senior advocates can earn several lakhs per hearing.

Law firm associates in Tier-1 Indian firms earn ₹12–20 LPA as starters; international firms pay higher.

Yes, especially in MNCs, with better work-life balance than law firms.

Not as much as corporate jobs, but they offer meaningful work and job security.

Yes—independent consultants can draft contracts, advise startups, or take arbitration cases.

Yes, with local bar exam qualifications (e.g., NY Bar for USA, SQE for UK, etc.).

Lawyers work on treaties, arbitration, trade disputes, human rights cases, often with UN, WTO, or international firms.

LLM graduates can enter specialized roles (IP, tax, arbitration) or qualify for bar exams overseas.

Long hours, high stress, initial low pay (litigation), and intense competition.

AI may replace routine drafting/research, but human judgment, ethics, and advocacy remain irreplaceable.

Greater specialization, tech-driven practice, globalized opportunities, and hybrid roles (law + policy + business).

It is India's new law on evidence that replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.

To modernize evidence law, especially for digital and electronic records.

It came into force on 1 July 2024.

To define rules about what evidence is admissible in court and how it should be presented.

It applies to all judicial proceedings in Indian courts.

No, it mainly applies to courts, not private arbitration unless specified.

Evidence includes oral statements of witnesses and documents, including electronic records, presented in court.

Yes, electronic records are fully recognized as evidence.

Yes, if properly authenticated, WhatsApp chats can be evidence.

Evidence given by witnesses in court through spoken words.

Written or recorded materials like documents, electronic records, or inscriptions.

The original document or record itself.

Copies or substitutes of the original when the original is not available.

Yes, if the court allows it under secondary evidence rules.

When a witness directly sees, hears, or experiences a fact.

Evidence that indirectly points towards a fact, like fingerprints.

Yes, if authenticated properly.

The judge decides admissibility.

When a witness says what another person told them, not what they personally know.

Generally no, unless under certain exceptions like dying declarations.

A statement made by a person about the cause of their death.

Yes, it is admissible under BSA.

No, unless made before a magistrate or under special circumstances.

Yes, CCTV footage is admissible if verified.

The responsibility to prove a fact in court.

The person who makes an allegation.

Yes, in criminal cases prosecution must prove the case beyond reasonable doubt.

A rule where the court assumes a fact exists unless proven otherwise.

When the law accepts something as final and cannot be disputed.

Yes, electronic contracts are admissible.

Experts give opinions on technical matters like handwriting or DNA.

Yes, medical reports are admissible.

A witness who turns against the party who called them.

Yes, the court may still rely on parts of it.

Questioning a witness by the opposite party's lawyer.

Further questioning by the lawyer who called the witness, after cross-examination.

No, unless the answer may self-incriminate.

Admitting something that could make you guilty.

No, the accused cannot be compelled to testify against themselves.

Yes, fingerprints are valid scientific evidence.

Yes, DNA reports are admissible.

When a court accepts a fact without requiring proof.

That Delhi is the capital of India.

Only facts connected to the case can be considered evidence.

The main facts disputed in a case.

Facts connected to the facts in issue.

Facts in issue are directly disputed; relevant facts support them.

Yes, they are recognized.

A statement by a person acknowledging a fact against their interest.

It can be used against the person making it.

When a person admits guilt in a criminal case.

Admission can be in any case; confession is only about crime.

Yes, but court decides its reliability.

Yes, if it is relevant, but courts may exclude it on fairness grounds.

Certain communications cannot be forced as evidence.

Lawyer-client communication.

Generally no, unless court orders in the interest of justice.

Yes, but certain private communications are protected.

A document made by a government authority.

Birth certificate, FIR, or government order.

Any document not made by public authority.

Agreements, letters, or personal records.

Yes, certified copies are admissible.

Certified copies serve as secondary evidence.

Opinion of a skilled person on technical matters.

Yes, their opinion is admissible.

Yes, the judge can compare handwriting.

Ensuring digital data has not been tampered with.

By providing authenticity certificates as required under law.

It deals with secondary evidence.

It explains when secondary evidence may be given.

Yes, emails are admissible if authenticated.

Yes, if properly authenticated.

Yes, if verified as genuine.

Yes, bank records are admissible.

The original document is the best evidence.

A court order asking a witness to appear.

The court may issue a warrant.

Yes, if they can understand and answer questions.

Yes, if they can understand and communicate facts.

Yes, in certain cases like defamation or criminal trials.

Yes, in specific circumstances.

A way to test the truthfulness of a witness.

Yes, if allowed by law.

Yes, photographs are admissible.

Yes, if proven authentic.

Physical objects like weapons presented in court.

Yes, they are admissible as expert evidence.

Yes, if verified.

Yes, metadata is admissible.

It proves evidence was not tampered with.

Admissibility allows evidence into court; proof is its convincing power.

Yes, if it strongly points to guilt.

Evidence that supports other evidence.

Yes, if the testimony is reliable.

No, conviction must be based on evidence.

Yes, but weight depends on authenticity.

Yes, but the denying party must prove why they are false.

The judge decides the weight and credibility.

To ensure fair trials through reliable and modern rules of evidence.

Oral, documentary, electronic, and material evidence.

Yes, digital photos are treated as electronic documents.

Yes, if accompanied by a proper certificate.

Yes, but they must be verified and reliable.

Yes, if it is authentic and sufficient.

A fact is relevant if it is connected with the issue in the case.

No, only relevant facts are admissible.

A fact with no connection to the case.

The reason behind committing an act.

No, it only supports other evidence.

Steps taken before committing an act.

Not by itself, but it helps support other facts.

Behaviour of a person before, during, or after an act.

Yes, relevant conduct is admissible.

Earlier statements made before trial.

Yes, for confirming or contradicting testimony.

Process where witnesses identify suspects.

Yes, but it must be done fairly.

Supporting one piece of evidence with another.

Not always, but it strengthens a case.

A series of facts that together prove guilt.

Yes, if there are gaps or inconsistencies.

Yes, sometimes silence may imply acceptance.

Every accused is considered innocent until proven guilty.

Yes, with strong proof by prosecution.

Facts forming part of the same transaction.

It allows immediate facts around an event to be considered.

A person shouting during an accident.

No, forced confessions are not admissible.