e-Nyaya Sarathi

BA.LL.B – 9 years. LL.B – 6 years.

Any graduate (Bachelor’s degree in any discipline / Fazil courses with English +10+2).

Any 10+2 pass in any stream.

45% General, 40% Reserved (both BA.LL.B and LL.B).

BA.LL.B – 50+15 (Self Financed)+1. LL.B – 50+15 (Self Financed)+1.

Kashmir Law College, Vitasta School of Law, KCEF Law College, Sopore Law College.

Kashmir Law College, KCEF Law College, Sopore Law College.

KCEF – 50, Kashmir Law – 120, Sopore Law – 50, Vitasta – 120.

KCEF – 50, Kashmir Law – 120, Sopore Law – 50.

April (2nd week) – May (2nd week).

June (1st week) – July (2nd week).

GK (History, Polity, Geography, Economics, Science, Current Affairs, Math), English, Logical Reasoning, Legal Aptitude.

GK (History, Polity, Geography, Economics, Science, ICT, Current Affairs, Math), English, Logical Reasoning, Legal Aptitude.

70 minutes, 60 MCQs.

Yes, -0.25 per wrong answer.

Yes.

Yes.

It helps prevent forgeries and frauds as registered document is in the public domain. It is proof that the document was actually drawn. If a document is registered, you can find out if there is an existing liability or ongoing litigation with regard to the property. Registering documents ensures transparent and secure deals.

As per sub clause 2 of Section 2 of the Registration Act, 1908 Book includes a portion of a book and also any number of sheets connected together with a view of forming a book or portion of a book.

Conveyance Deed generally means a document by which one party transfers his right, title, interest or ownership in a property (immovable or movable) or any estate in favour of any other party to the document, except for which some separate provision is available in Schedule – 1 of Stamps Act, 1977 Svt. Includes: Conveyance on sale, Every Instrument, Civil Court decrees, High Court/Reserve Bank orders on amalgamation or reconstruction.

Lease deed is a contract between lessor (owner) and lessee (tenant) for use of said property on a lease/rental basis. Similar to rent agreement but usually executed for a longer period, at least more than one year.

A mortgage deed is a document by which a debtor secures a loan by creating/transferring a right in his property in favour of the creditor.

Power of attorney is a document by which a person authorizes another person to act on his behalf including powers to sign, take decisions, and represent before courts/authorities. Does not include Vakalatnama given to advocates.

Gift deed means a document by which a person gifts his self-acquired property to another person out of his free will without monetary consideration. The donor is the giver, the donee is the receiver.

Partition Deed is a document by which co-owners of property fix their individual share or divide the property. Includes: Final order of Revenue Authority/Court, Arbitration award, or signed agreement among co-owners.

Settlement is a document (other than Will) by which a person arranges management of property during lifetime for: marriage consideration, distribution among family, dependents, or religious/charitable purposes.

Immovable property includes land, buildings, hereditary allowances, rights to ways, lights, ferries, fisheries, or benefits from land. Excludes standing timber, growing crops, or grass.

Movable property means anything except immovable property. Includes timber, crops, fruits on trees, juice, and other items.

Stamps are of two kinds: Judicial (court fee stamps) and Non-Judicial (for deeds/documents like sale, gift, lease).

Execution means putting signature with date after reading/understanding the document terms.

As per Section 34, parties/representatives appear before Sub Registrar and admit execution of document. Their signatures are recorded in summary part.

Identification means a person vouches before Sub Registrar that parties are who they claim to be. Essential for registration.

Scanning is the process of preparing electronic copies of registered documents under Section 16A. Earlier methods were handwriting, photocopying. Now scanning preserves documents digitally.

If property lies under two Sub Registrars, both have jurisdiction to register. This is concurrent jurisdiction.

When a person authorizes another to present a document for registration or admit execution before Sub Registrar.

As per Section 33, the grantor signs PoA before Sub Registrar (or competent authority abroad). Sub Registrar certifies signature = authentication.

If the grantor cannot appear personally (due to disability, imprisonment, exemption), but signs earlier, Sub Registrar can verify reasons and attest it.

Means the stamp must be used/executed within six months from purchase.

As per Stamp Act, Instrument = written document by which legal rights/obligations are created, transferred, extended, annulled, or recorded.

True Market Value means price property would fetch in open market or consideration in document, whichever is higher.

Mutation means altering revenue records to update rights. It does not confer title; it is a fiscal entry.

Settlement deed is a legally enforceable document, registered, where disputes between parties about property are settled.

As per Section 2(5), endorsement = entry in writing by registering officer on document tendered for registration.

Compact residential area of village (houses built for residents). Owner in possession of plot is owner of that site.

Fard means extract of Jamabandi/revenue record. Required for sale, gift, lease registration.

Jareeb = iron chain for measurement (10 karums = 55 feet). Traditional measuring instrument.

Jandar gharat (paan chakki) = traditional water mill run by river/nallah.

Khewat = proprietary holding of landowners of an estate. Arranged by Shajra Nasab. Separate number for state/Shamilat land.

Khata = part of Khewat. Comprises 1+ Khasra numbers. Forms record of rights.

Khasra = serial number of field. If temporarily split → Min numbers. Permanently split → Bata numbers.

Massavi = original shajra map of fields at settlement, showing boundaries.

Record of rights prepared at settlement showing Shajra Nasab, field map, landholder rights/liabilities.

Any person 18+ not party to document.

Any person cultivating land personally as on 01.11.2021.

Agriculturist → Non-agriculturist only with DC permission. Conditions: purpose use, within 2 years, not making transferor landless.

Parties apply to DC, report via Tehsildar/SDM. DC decides within 30 days.

A testamentary document by which property devolves after death of testator.

Any person 18+, mentally sound. Must be voluntary (not fraud/coercion). Beneficiaries cannot be witnesses.

No, but advisable to secure certified copy.

At office of any Sub Registrar in India.

No time limit.

Yes, testator can cancel anytime before death.

Yes, executant may rectify during lifetime.

Yes, claimant produces original Will, death proof, witnesses before Sub Registrar.

No stamp duty. Registration fee = Rs 2500 (SO 243 of 2020).

Yes, to testator during lifetime. After death, anyone with death proof can obtain.

NGDRS reduces the administrative burden of Government by minimizing the use of paper. The applicant can schedule and secure date and time of document registration prior to visiting SR office. All stakeholders are on one platform. Citizens can calculate property valuation online, aiding ease of doing business.

The NGDRS application has been security audited by an empanelled agency. It supports Aadhaar authentication and OTP based login facility.

Login to ngdrs.jk.gov.in, click on Citizen Registration and fill the form.

OTP is sent instantly but may delay due to server or SMS delivery issues. Wait a few minutes and try again.

Visit https://ngdrs.jk.gov.in/Citizenentry/citizenlogin, use Forgot Password option and provide your secret answer.

No, username once created in NGDRS cannot be changed.

Steps: Register → Login → Fill General Info → Property details & valuation → Party details (set presenter) → Witness → Payment → Stamp duty → Pre-registration summary → Upload file → Submit data → Appointment → Visit SRO on appointment date.

Configurable per document type. Default size is 0.5 MB.

Only PDF files, max 0.5 MB.

Yes, reschedule option is available before final submission.

No, once accepted by Sub Registrar and processed for payment verification.

Yes, under Section 54 of Stamps Act, SVT.1977.

Yes, login to Citizen portal and check payment status.

Currently Thumb device for fingerprint capture.

Uninstall biometric software and reinstall.

Changes are not possible once registration is completed.

Ample opportunity before final submission. SRO can also revert to citizen for corrections.

Not directly. Sub Registrar can update on request.

Login → Document entry → GRAS double verification → Enter token no. → Check status.

Use newly created challan number instead of old one.

May occur due to network issues. Try again later.

By inheritance, Will, sale, gift, mortgage, lease, settlement, Government grant, or Court decree.

Registration creates permanent public record, gives notice to public, and secures property rights.

Gift deeds, sales, mortgages, partitions, releases, settlements, leases, decrees/awards creating rights in property as per Section 17.

They are not admissible as evidence. Transfer of property is invalid.

Yes, or their authorized representative.

Four months from execution (Section 23). If out of India, four months from receipt. With penalty, extendable to eight months by District Registrar.

Yes, under Section 71, for reasons such as errors, insufficient stamp duty, or deficient property documents.

Offence under Section 82. Punishable with up to seven years imprisonment or fine or both.

District, Tehsil, Village, Khewat, Khata, Khasra numbers, four boundaries, sketch with landmarks.

No strict rules. Generally black ink on legal size paper. File size limit in NGDRS is 0.5 MB.

No, it is optional.

No, it is optional.

Those who see execution and sign to testify. They are not parties or identifiers.

As per Transfer of Property Act & Contract Act, witnesses validate execution.

Minimum two witnesses for deeds like Sale, Lease, Mortgage, Gift, Partition.

No, not necessary at registration time.

Generally 8–10 minutes after acceptance.

Any executing party, claimant, or Special PoA holder (Section 32).

District Registrar under Section 25, if fine paid.

No, as per Section 34(2), different executors can appear separately within 4 months.

Government officers, public servants under Section 88, including Administrators, Trustees, Court Receivers, etc.

No.

Under Section 31, Sub Registrar may visit ill/confined party at home for registration. Costs borne by applicant.

Party unable to attend (e.g. serious illness) with supporting proof.

Under Section 38, to house or confinement place of exempted persons.

To avoid disputes/objections that visit did not take place.

Certificate with “Document Registered” signed and sealed by Sub Registrar under Section 60.

Depends on pages. With high-speed scanners, usually immediate.

A print of 4 pages per sheet after scanning, compared with original to ensure completeness.

Issue written order with reasons, enter in Book No.2, endorse “Registration Refused” on document, and give copy free of cost.

Appeal lies to District Registrar within 30 days.

No fee, only Rs. 5 court fee stamp.

File civil suit under Section 77 in Civil Court within 30 days.

Transfer of title not established, documents not admissible, property transfer invalid, not part of government record, risk of fraud/resale.

Section 18: Non-compulsory documents, Wills, Lis Pendens notices, leases under 1 year.

State Government under Section 5.

At Sub Registrar office in whose jurisdiction property lies (Section 28).

Document can be registered in any jurisdiction where part of property is situated.

Sub Registrar sends copies/memo to concerned District Registrars and Sub Registrars for noting in their records.

Section 82: False statements, forged papers, impersonation, false identification, abetment.

Sub Registrar, with or without approval of District Registrar/IG Registration.

Imprisonment up to 7 years, or fine, or both.

Index = summary of registered documents, including details of parties, property, stamp duty, etc. (Section 55).

Any person can get Index 1 & 2. Index 3 of Wills only by testator or after death, by anyone. Index 4 only by executant or beneficiary.

As per Section 57, certified copy is admissible as evidence of contents.

Online inspection of document index records, available from Sub Registrar offices.

Under Section 44, testator/authorized person applies to District Registrar. Cover returned unopened on verification. Fee Rs.100.

A legal document authorizing attorney to act for principal. Attorney has broad or limited powers.

General PoA (sell or manage property) and Special PoA (present document for registration or admit execution).

PoA authorizing holder to act in all matters relating to immovable/movable property of principal.

If in favour of close relative (parents, siblings, spouse, children, grandchildren), Rs. 500. Otherwise as per prescribed rates.

Rs. 100.

Court usually sends order directly. Parties can also inform. Sub Registrar cannot register property covered by stay.

No, it has no such authority.

Competent Civil Court under Section 31 of Specific Relief Act, 1963.

Two types: Impressed (stamp paper for writing/typing) and Adhesive (tickets affixed to documents).

Must be used within 6 months, otherwise refundable if applied. If not used/refunded, becomes void. Must be cancelled after affixing (signature/lines/rubber stamp) to prevent reuse.

A type of tax levied on documents/instruments.

Without stamp duty, document is Not Duly Stamped, invalid, inadmissible, and penal consequences apply.

As per Stamp Act, at prescribed rates, duly stamped with adhesive/impressed stamps.

Executed = document signed. Execution = act of signing.

Stamp must be purchased in name of party. Not in name of pleader/third party. Refund possible only if purchased in payer’s name.

Registering Officer can stop registration and refer to Collector of Stamps. Collector may inspect, recover deficit duty/penalty, or confiscate property.

If stamp spoiled before signing, unused, illegal, party dies before signing, transaction abandoned, insufficient value corrected by new document, etc.

The person/company in whose name stamp duty was paid, or their legal representative.

Collector of Stamps.

Executed docs: 6 months. Cancelled agreement: 2 years. Replacement doc: 6 months. Others: 6 months.

Yes, under Section 50 of Stamps Act, refund is admissible.

Verifies online token, original stamps, purpose of purchase, payer, time limit, usage, and satisfaction with reasons.

Yes: e-payment stamps – 2% (min 200, max 1000). Others – 10% deduction.

As per Section 71, Sub Registrar must issue a written order with reasons, enter in Book No.2, endorse “Registration Refused” on document, and give free copy of entry to applicant.

To the District Registrar within 30 days from date of order.

No fee, only Rs. 5 court fee stamp.

File a civil suit under Section 77 of the Registration Act, 1908, within 30 days.

Transfer not established, document inadmissible as evidence, property not transferred, transaction unenforceable, risk of fraud/retransfer remains.

State Government under Section 5 of the Act.

At Sub Registrar office in whose jurisdiction property lies (Section 28).

In any Sub Registrar office where any part of property is situated.

Sub Registrar registers it, sends copies & memo to concerned District Registrars, who forward to relevant Sub Registrars.

Section 82: False statements, forged documents, impersonation, false identification, abetment.

Sub Registrar, with or without approval of District Registrar/IG Registration (Section 83).

Imprisonment up to 7 years or fine or both.

Index is summary of registered documents with details of parties, property, consideration, stamp duty, etc. (Section 55).

Anyone for Index 1 & 2. Index 3 (Wills) – only testator or after death, anyone. Index 4 – only executant or beneficiary.

As per Section 57, it is admissible as evidence of contents of original.

Online inspection of index of registered documents from Sub Registrar offices.

Under Section 44, testator/authorized person applies to District Registrar. Verified, returned unopened. Fee Rs.100.

Legal document authorizing attorney to act on behalf of principal.

General PoA (sell/manage property) and Special PoA (present document or admit execution).

PoA where principal authorizes holder to perform activities regarding immovable/movable property.

If to close relative – Rs.500. Otherwise, as per prescribed rates.

Rs.100.

Court sends order or parties inform. Sub Registrar will not register disputed property.

No.

Yes, two: Impressed (stamp paper) and Adhesive (tickets affixed).

Use within 6 months. Refund possible within 6 months. Must be cancelled (signed/lines/stamp) to prevent reuse.

A tax payable on documents/instruments.

Without it, document is Not Duly Stamped, invalid, not admissible. Penal action may apply.

As per Stamp Act, at prescribed rates, duly stamped.

Executed = signed. Execution = act of signing.

Stamp must be purchased in party’s name, not pleader/third party. Refund only to purchaser.

Registering Officer may stop registration and refer to Collector of Stamps. Collector may recover deficit duty/penalty or confiscate property.

If spoiled before signing, unused, illegal, party dies/refuses, transaction abandoned, insufficient value corrected, etc.

The person/company in whose name duty was paid, or legal representative.

Collector of Stamps.

Executed documents: 6 months. Cancelled agreement: 2 years. Replacement: 6 months. Others: 6 months.

Yes, under Section 50 of Stamps Act.

Checks token number, original stamps, purpose, payer, time limit, usage, and reasons.

Yes. e-payment: 2% (min 200, max 1000). Other: 10%.

Yes, subject to procedure in Section 28-A, SO-3808(E) 26-10-2020.

As per Stamp Act 1977: Male 7%, Female 3%, Couple 5%.

Registrar supervises Sub Registrars, may issue orders for rectification or errors.

Yes, via email Igr-govt@jk.gov.in or landline 0191-2456100 / 0194-357911.

Testamentary = Will or trust under Will. Non-testamentary = any other document not related to Will.

Refund if wrong stamp type used, higher duty paid, or paid for document not requiring duty.

Checks online submission, original stamps, purpose, payer, time, prior use, reasons.

Yes, e-payment stamps: 2% (200–1000). Others: 10%.

Online property record search without visiting Sub Registrar office.

Document giving another person authority to act on behalf of the principal.

Only Competent Court.

Any citizen via official email or landline.

Male: 7%. Female: 3%. Couple: 5%.

Free legal services for eligible persons in
civil/criminal matters, including lawyer assistance, court fees, documents, and
appeals.

The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 establishes
legal services institutions and Lok Adalats.

The National Legal Services Authority is the central authority
that frames policies and coordinates legal aid nationwide.

The Chief Justice of India is Patron -in-Chief; NALSA
coordinates with State/District/Taluk authorities.

State Legal Services Authorities implement NALSA policies at
state level and run legal aid programs.

District Legal Services Authorities function at district courts to
process applications and provide services.

Taluka Legal Services Committees operate at taluka courts for
local access to legal aid.

High Court Legal Services Committee handles legal aid for
cases in High Courts.

Supreme Court Legal Services Committee handles legal aid in
the Supreme Court.

Article 39A mandates free legal aid to ensure
justice is not denied due to economic or other disabilities.

Lawyer services, court/process fees,
certified copies, preparation of appeals, translations, printing.

Yes, legal aid covers both civil and
criminal matters for eligible persons.

Yes, authorities organize legal
awareness camps and preventive legal aid programs.

Yes, legal services authorities organize Lok
Adalats for amicab le settlement of disputes.

Yes, PLVs assist citizens in applications and
access to services.

Yes, NALSA ’s online application via
LSMS/website/email is available.

Yes, you can submit a simple paper
application with required details or send by post.

Yes, oral requests are permitted; PLVs/officials help record
applications.

No fee for acquiring or submitting an application for free
legal aid.

Front Offices at DLSA/HCLSC/SLSA assist in
completing applications.

B. Eligibility: Who can get free legal aid (Section 12)

SC/ST; victims of trafficking/begar;
women/children; persons with mental illness/disability; victims of mass
disasters/violence; industrial workmen; persons in custody; low-income persons as
per limits.

Yes, women are entitled
irrespective of income under Section 12(c).

Yes, up to 18 years of age.

Yes, members of SC/ST are entitled
under Section 12(a).

Yes, persons who are mentally ill or
otherwise disabled are covered.

Yes, victims of mass disaster, ethnic violence,
caste atrocity, flood, drought, earthquake, industrial disaster.

Yes, industrial workmen qualify under Section
12(f).

Yes, including custody in protective homes,
juvenile homes, psychiatric hospitals/nursing homes.

Below state-prescribed limits for courts
other than Supreme Court; below ₹5,00,000 annual for Supreme Court cases.

States differ; examples: Delhi DSLSA
notes ₹3,00,000 general ceiling and specific categories like seniors/transgender with
₹4,00,000; district notices can show ₹50,000 or ₹3,00,000 depending on state rules.

Depends on state rules; e.g., Delhi
provides eligibility subject to income ceiling.

Some states explicitly include transgender
persons with specified income ceilings (e.g., Delhi).

Some states explicitly include HIV-
affected persons as eligible.

Covered under NALSA schemes; many states
recognize them for legal services.

Yes, provide identity and category proof; income
affidavit is generally sufficient unles s questioned.

An affidavit of income per Section 13(2) is
generally regarded as sufficient unless doubted.

Victims of trafficking are explicitly
eligible.

Persons in custody are eligible, including
prisoners and undertrials.

The Act focuses on persons in India; check
with local authorities; specific schemes may vary.

If they meet Section 12 categories or income limits, yes.

C. Applying: How to apply and where

Approach TLSC (Taluka), DLSA (District), SLSA (State),
HCLSC (High Court), or SCLSC (Supreme Court) based on jurisdiction .

Yes, via NALSA website/LSMS or email; state portals may
also exist.

Name, gender, address, employment status,
nationality, SC/ST status with proof, annual/monthly income with affidavit, case
details, reasons for aid.

At DLSA/HCLSC/SLSA premises; applications
can be filed there.

PLVs/officers assist, including oral applications.

Ready -made forms available at legal services institutions
and online; simple paper applications also accepted.

Yes, online submissions provide diary
numbers/status updates by email/address.

Authorities generally decide to accept/reject
within 7 days and inform the applicant.

The authority informs the assigned
lawyer and issues appointment/vakalatnama.

Normally, a panel lawyer is assigned; engaging
another lawyer can affect eligibility/withdraw aid.

Yes, appropriate ADR
like Lok Adalat may be suggested for amicable settlement.

Apply by email/post or at the nearest
TLSC; PLVs and legal aid clinics also help.

Oral application is allowed and assistance is provided to
record details.

The Act extends to India; eligibility centers on
categories and jurisdiction; confirm case-specific eligibility with the authority.

PLVs and clinics may operate
outreach; contact DLSA/TLSC for local points.

Check SLSA/DLSA websites; NALSA provides contact points
and citizen services centre.

Yes, persons in custody are eligible; jail legal
services clinics assist.

Apply to the authority having
territorial/subject jurisdiction or seek guidance at local DLSA for referral.

NGOs often coordinate with legal services; formal
application still goes through legal services institutions.

Yes, one can seek free
legal aid at appellate stage even if previously privately represented.

D. What costs are covered

Yes, payment of court/process fees is included.

Yes, obtaining and supplying certified copies of
orders and documents is included.

Yes, preparation of appeals, paper books,
including printi ng and translation is covered.

Not explicitly universal; check local regulations;
core services include lawyer and litigation costs listed above.

Not uniformly; depends on case and authority ’s
regulations/sanction; confirm with DLSA.

Lok Adalats organized by legal services authorities
do not charge parties.

Legal representation is covered; bond amounts are
separate judici al determinations; check with DLSA for any support mechanisms.

Legal representation and related costs
within legal proceedings are covered; verify tribunal -specific fees with authority.

Included as “other charges” and
preparation/document supply in proceedings.

Yes, preparation of appeal/paper book is
included.
E. Case types and forums

All courts including taluka/district courts, High Courts,
and Supreme Court via relevant committees.

Legal services extend to tribunals; SLSAs maintain panels
for certain tribunal categories.

Legal servi ces may support eligible persons; PIL
sponsorship depends on authority ’s assessment.

Yes, tribunals/commissions can fall
within scope; confirm locally for panels.

Yes, matrimo nial/maintenance/guardianship matters
are eligible if applicant qualifies.

Industrial workmen are eligible; labor disputes are
commonly supported.

Legal proceedings “before an
authority” are included; confirm for specific forums.

Legal aid primarily covers legal proceedings;
PLVs and legal services clinics may support advice and linkage to counsel.

Lok Adalats are integral to the system;
mediation referrals are common.

Yes, subject to ₹5,00,000 annual
income limit or other categorical eligibility.

F. Special categories and schemes

NALSA has a Legal Services to
Senior Citizens Scheme; state eligibility varies by income.

NALSA Legal Services to Victims of Acid
Attacks Scheme exists; states list them as eligible .

Yes, specifically eligible under Section 12(b).

Yes, persons who are mentally ill are
eligible.

Yes, “otherwise disabled persons” are
eligible.

Some states explicitly include trans persons
with specific income ceilings.

Some states explicitly include HIV
infected/affected persons.

Victims of mass disaster and related events are
eligible under Section 12(e).

Children are categorically
eligible up to 18 years.

Persons in custody/low -income are eligible;
representation is subject to standard eligibility.

Women are categorically eligible
irrespective of income.